Minting of the Chinese cash coins took place for more than two thousand years by many of the rulers who have shaped the history of one of the world’s great civilizations. The cash coins all have easily identifiable legends, and are prepared from the base metals copper, and iron.
From the mint names, first used regularly by the T’ang Emperors, we can trace the expansion of China. The size changes of the coins mark the periods when inflation affected the country. Unlike many ancient coins that were struck with dies to form the coin, Chinese cash coins were laboriously hand made by casting, or molding from molten bronze. Several coins were cast simultaneously in a form that resembles a flattened tree. When the molten bronze was poured into the mold it flowed down a central shaft and out along several “branches” to fill the coin-shaped voids of the mold, thus creating the finished tree. After cooling the molds were opened and the coins were cut off of their “sprues”, and then were filed smooth to erase the cut area. Chinese cash coins featuring a square hole were first minted circa 221 BC by Emperor Qin Shi Huang during the Qin Dynasty.
HAN DYNASTY: Wang Mang’s Money (7 - 23 AD)
Wang Mang carried out four major reforms of the monetary system with the idea of restoring ancient institutions. He had instituted altogether 37 kinds of money of different substances, patterns and units, especially the “bao huo” system consisting of five substances with six names and 28 units. The disorder of the monetary system was unprecedented in the history of the world, and brought great misery to the people. Obverse: legends; weight: 1.5-3.5grams; Diameter: 20.5-23mm
T’ANG DYNASTY (618 - 907 AD)
Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty abolished the coinage based on a weight of Wu Zhu (five zhu) and began to cast Kai Yuan Tong Bao in the 4th year of Wu De reign. Ever since then, Chinese money no longer named after weight, was called Tong Bao, Yuan Bao or Zhong Bao. The characters punched on the coins were now mostly in Lishu calligraphy instead of in Zhuanshu.
Obverse: characters; weight: 2.8-3.5grams; diameter: 23.2-25.2mm
SONG DYNASTY (960 - 1279 AD)
The copper coin was still the main form of money during the Song Dynasty, although silver ingots and paper money were gaining increasing importance. The coins of the Song were complicated by the great variety and the vast number of names and titles. Each emperor minted money not only after enthronement but also after each of the frequent changes of imperial title. However, the money now attained a new level of artistic perfection in a variety of calligraphic styles. Obverse: characters; weight: 2.8-4.1grams; diameter: 24-25.5mm
MING DYNASTY (1368 - 1644)
After Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he developed the Hong Wu monetary system. Because of widespread forgery and shortage of bronze, the use of paper money was revived. Over a long period of time, only a small amount of bronze coins were minted. From the first year of Jia Jing reign, paper money fell out of use and the minting of bronze coins resumed. After that every Emperor minted his own coins.
Obverse: characters; weight: 2.7-4.2grams; diameter: 23-25.5mm
Q’ING DYNASTY (1636 - 1911)
In the Q’ing Dynasty, silver and bronze coins were used as parallel standards. Those with large face value were in silver and those with small value were in bronze. The bronze coins minted during the reigns of Emperors Kang Xi and Qian Long was well shaped and the weights were standardized. Later, small coins kept coming out as the mintage laws became lax and less binding. During the Xian Feng reign, the Taiping Revolution broke out. To meet vast military expenses, various kinds of coins with high face value, from ten to a thousand cash, were minted in a variety of sizes and weights. During the last years of Xian Feng, the Q’ing government was compelled to stop minting big coins. The system of square-holed coins was on the brink of collapse.
Obverse: characters; weight: 3.4-4.5grams; diameter: 21-25.5mm
CHINA 5 DYNASTY ALBUM
2000 Years of Chinese Bronze Cash Coins
Please message or whatssap me if you interested: 81666052
$388
Monday, 22 May 2017
Tantric Kali ( Rare !! )
According to traditions going back to pre-Vedic times, Kali sprang from the third eye of the Goddess Durga as a destructive and terrifying manifestation of feminine power sent to lay waste to the forces of evil. Throughout India to this day, Kali is worshipped as the destroyer of bondage, capable of liberating her devotee from all rules and subjugation.
In Tantric Kali, Daniel Odier presents the mythology, practices, and rituals of Kali Worship in the tantric Kaula tradition within Kashmiri shaivisim. He reveals the practise of vamachara, commonly known as the left hand but more accurately translated as the path of Shakti. In this tradition the body itself is Kali's temple, and it is therefore unnecessary to reject or deny the body to know union with the Divine. Instead, nothing is regarded as pure or impure and there is completely freedom from rules. Focused on working directly with forbidden emotions and behaviors, this paths allow the seeker to transcend obstacles to liberation through sexual union. According to the Kaula Upanishad, "In your behaviour do the opposite to what the norms dictate but remain in consciousness." This is the essence of Tantra. Kali is absolute reality; manifested as woman intoxicated by desire, she frees the tantric practitioner from all desire except union with the divine.
The author includes an evocative ritual from the Nirrutara - never before publish in any Western language - containing devotions to the 64 yoginis according to Matsyendranath, founder of the Kaula path. Offering devotional chants, meditations, and mudras specific to tantric worship of Kali, this empowering book provides practices and teachings for those on the tantric path to liberation.
Please message or whatssap me if you interested: 81666052
$170
In Tantric Kali, Daniel Odier presents the mythology, practices, and rituals of Kali Worship in the tantric Kaula tradition within Kashmiri shaivisim. He reveals the practise of vamachara, commonly known as the left hand but more accurately translated as the path of Shakti. In this tradition the body itself is Kali's temple, and it is therefore unnecessary to reject or deny the body to know union with the Divine. Instead, nothing is regarded as pure or impure and there is completely freedom from rules. Focused on working directly with forbidden emotions and behaviors, this paths allow the seeker to transcend obstacles to liberation through sexual union. According to the Kaula Upanishad, "In your behaviour do the opposite to what the norms dictate but remain in consciousness." This is the essence of Tantra. Kali is absolute reality; manifested as woman intoxicated by desire, she frees the tantric practitioner from all desire except union with the divine.
The author includes an evocative ritual from the Nirrutara - never before publish in any Western language - containing devotions to the 64 yoginis according to Matsyendranath, founder of the Kaula path. Offering devotional chants, meditations, and mudras specific to tantric worship of Kali, this empowering book provides practices and teachings for those on the tantric path to liberation.
Please message or whatssap me if you interested: 81666052
$170
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